EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT OF MEDICAL STUDENTS IN FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN: OVERALL AND BY SEX, AGE GROUPS AND RESIDENCE

Muhammad Ehtisham; Rida Naseer Ghouri; Munir Ahmad Khan; Muhammad Yousaf; Shireen Jawed

doi:10.46903/gjms/20.03.1062

EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT OF MEDICAL STUDENTS IN FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN: OVERALL AND BY SEX, AGE GROUPS AND RESIDENCE

Muhammad Ehtisham, Rida Naseer Ghouri, Munir Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Yousaf, Shireen Jawed

Abstract

Background: Importance of emotional quotient (EQ) is growing globally in field of medical educational systems. Our objectives were to determine EQ of medical students in Faisalabad, Pakistan and their differences by sex, age groups and residence.

Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at Aziz Fatimah Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, Pakistan from July to August 2021. Including 367 medical students; EQ was assessed by Emotional Intelligence Scale. EQ was a research variable on ratio scale. Sex, age groups and residence were demographic variables on nominal scale. Nominal variables were described as count and percentage. Skewed data for EQ was described by median and IQR and normal data by mean and SD. Hypotheses with skewed data were verified by Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann Whitney tests, while hypotheses with normal data were verified by independent samples t test at alpha .05.

Results: The sample of 367 medical students included 112 (30.5%) boys & 255 (69.5%) girls and 176 (48%) in age group 20-22 & 191 (52%) in age group 23-25 years, and 232 (63.2%) boarders & 135 (36.8%) day scholars. Median EQ score of sample was 101, lower than test value (p=<.00001). Median EQ score of boys 102 was similar to girls 101 (p=.22). Mean EQ score of age group 20-22 years 102.61 was similar to age group 23-25 years 102.40 (p=.887) and of boarders 101.6±14.423 was similar to day scholars 104.02 (p=.116).

Conclusion: Emotional quotient scores of medical students of Faisalabad, Pakistan were same for boys and girls and for age group 20-22 and 23-25 years and for boarders and day scholars.

Keywords

Emotional Quotient; Cognition; Doctor Patient Relations; Leadership; Problem Based Learning; Patient Care; Medical Students; Sex; Age Group; Pakistan.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Suleman Q, Hussain I, Syed MA, Parveen R, Lodhi IS, Mahmood Z. Association between emotional intelligence and academic success among undergraduates: A cross-sectional study in KUST, Pakistan. PLoS ONE 2019;14(7):e02194. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219468

Jiwan T. Emotional quotient scores over intelligence quotient. Nurs J India 2010; 101(3):57-8.

Johar N, Ehsan N, Khan MA. Association of emotional intelligence with academic performance of medical students. Pak Armed Forces Med J 2019;69 (3):455-9.

Alloway TP, Alloway RG. Investigating the predictive roles of working memory and IQ in academic attainment. J Exp Child Psychol 2010;106(1):20-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2009.11.003

Snchez-Álvarez N, Berrios Martos MP, Extremera N. A meta-analysis of the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic performance in secondary education: a multi-stream comparison. Front Psychol 2020;11:1517. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01517

Houston E. The importance of emotional intelligence. Positive Psychology.Com 2022 [accessed 2022 Jan 22]. Available at: https://positivepsychology.com/importance-of-emotional-intelligence/

Anwer F. Activity-based teaching, student motivation and academic achievement. J Edu Edu Develop 2019;6(1):154-69. https://doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v6i1.1782

Luke AM, Mathew S, Kunadom ST, George JM, Karobari MI, Marya A, et al. Effectiveness of problem-based learning versus traditional teaching methods in improving acquisition of radiographic interpretation skills among dental students-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomed Res Int 2021 Sep 24; 2021:9630285. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9630285

McLean SF. Case-Based Learning and its Application in Medical and Health-Care Fields: A Review of Worldwide Literature. J Med Educ Curric Dev 2016;3:S20377. https://doi.org/10.4137/JMECD.S20377

Chamizo-Nieto MT, Arrivillaga C, Rey L, Extremera N. The role of emotional intelligence, the teacher-student relationship, and flourishing on academic performance in adolescents: a moderated mediation study. Front Psychol 2021;12:695067. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.695067

Halimi F, AlShammari I, Navarro C. Emotional intelligence and academic achievement in higher education. J App Res Higher Edu 2021;13(2):485-3. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-11-2019-0286

Chew BH, Zain AM, Hassan F. Emotional intelligence and academic performance in first and final year medical students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ 2013;13(44). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-44

Wijekoon CN, Amaratunge H, de Silva Y, Senanayake S, Jayawardane P, Senarath U. Emotional intelligence and academic performance of medical undergraduates: a cross-sectional study in a selected university in Sri Lanka. BMC Med Educ 2017;17(1):176. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-017-1018-9

Jawed S, Altaf B, Salam RMT, Ijaz F. Frequency of emotional disturbances among hostelites and day scholars medical students. J Pak Med Assoc 2021;7(1A):73-7. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.562

Ranasinghe P, Wathurapatha WS, Mathangasinghe Y, Ponnamperuma G. Emotional intelligence, perceived stress and academic performance of Sri Lankan medical undergraduates. BMC Med Educ 2017;17(1):41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-017-0884-5

Cherry MG, Fletcher I, O'Sullivan H, Dornan T. Emotional intelligence in medical education: a critical review. Med Educ 2014;48:468-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12406

Dhand NK, Khatkar MS. Statulator: Sample size calculator for estimating a single mean [accessed 2021 July 02]. Available at: http://statulator.com/SampleSize/ss1M.html

Hyde A, Pethe S, Dhar U. Emotional intelligence scale (EIS). Vedant Publications: Lucknow, India; 2002.

Todres M, Tsimtsiou Z, Stephenson A, Jones R. The emotional intelligence of medical students: An exploratory cross-sectional study. Med Teacher 2010;32:1:e42-e48. https://doi.org/10.3109/01421590903199668

Tariq S, Tariq S, Atta K, Rehman R, Ali Z. Emotional intelligence: a predictor of undergraduate student's academic achievement in altered living conditions. J Pak Med Assoc 2020;70(12B):2398-402. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.429

Imran N, Awais AM, Haider II, Farhat A. Educating tomorrow's doctors: A cross-sectional survey of emotional intelligence and empathy in medical students of Lahore. Pak J Med Sci 2013;29:710-14. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.293.3642

Chaudhry AA, Ali F, Jan FA, Sajjad M, and Ali S. Emotional intelligence and students: A Pakistani perspective. World App Sci J 2013;22(3):319-25.

George PS, Anuradha M, Rose BM, John A. Emotional intelligence among medical students: a cross sectional study from central Kerala, India. Int J Community Med Public Health 2022 Mar;9(3):1338-46. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20220692

Puliyakkadi S, Chalil S, Abraham R, Dipin J, Raj A, Dayan S. Dimensions of emotional intelligence of doctors in a tertiary care centre in Kerala. J Integrat Health Sci 2019;7(2):48. https://doi.org/10.4103/JIHS.JIHS_32_19

Ewaiwi1 BI, Hijazi1 BY, Attiyeh1 RK, Niroukh1 EA, Adawi1 SO, Al-Qaissi1 HS. Emotional intelligence among medical students in Palestine, a cross-sectional study. Pal Stu J 2020;2(special issue): https://dspace.alquds.edu/handle/20.500.12213/6329.

Foster K, Fethney J, Kozlowski D, Fois R, Reza F, McCloughen. Emotional intelligence and perceived stress of Australian pre-registration healthcare students: A multi-disciplinary cross-sectional study. Nurse Educ Today 2018 Jul;66:51-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.04.001

Fida A, Ghaffar A, Zaman A and Satti AN. Gender comparison of emotional intelligence of university students. J Edu Edu Develop 2018;5(1):172-88. https://doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v5i1.2046

Shahzad S, and Begum N. Gender difference in trait emotional intelligence: A comparative study. Business Reviews 2012;7(2):106-12. https://doi.org/10.54784/1990-6587.1207

Meshkat M, and Nejati R. Does emotional intelligence depends on gender? a study on undergraduate english majors of three Iranian universities. Sage Open 2017 Aug;7(3);1-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017725796

Bhattacharjee A. Emotional maturity among young adults: A comparative study. Indian J Psycho Sci 2016;6(2):73-9.

Sowmyashree KN, Sreenivas M. Emotional maturity among day scholar and hosteler adolescents: comparative study. Glob J Res Anal 2019;8(10):31-3.

Ullah I, Khan N, Shah F, Ahmad E, Saeed A. Distribution of hepatitis B infected population by sex and age groups in District D.I.Khan, Pakistan. Gomal J Med Sci 2021 Apr-Jun; 19(2):47-52. https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/19.02.1017

Alam A, Rehman AU, Waheed D, Khan MH, Ahmad W, Bashir I, et al. Post-operative oral antibiotics in reducing frequency of surgical site infection following non-perforated appendectomy in population of South Waziristan Agency, Pakistan. Gomal J Med Sci 2021 Apr-Jun; 19(2):53-7. https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/19.02.936

Khan A, Hussain A, Wahab M, Rehman A, Latif SA, Naqvi SWA, et al. Distribution of drug sensitive tuberculosis by sex, age groups and type of disease in DS-TB population of District D.I.Khan, Pakistan. Gomal J Med Sci 2021 Apr-Jun; 19(2):66-72. https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/19.02.1012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/20.03.1062